Which statement indicates an individual has reached the Instrumental Relativist Orientation stage in Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

In Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the Instrumental Relativist Orientation stage is characterized by a focus on individual interests and a recognition that moral decisions are influenced by the consequences of actions. At this stage, individuals begin to understand that their own needs and the needs of others can coexist, leading to a more reciprocal view of morality.

Choosing the option that states an individual identifies multiple rights aligns with this stage, as it demonstrates a shift from a singular perspective on right and wrong to an acknowledgment of various viewpoints and interests. This recognition is fundamental to the Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where moral reasoning is based on mutual benefit and personal interests, reflected in the idea that different people might have different 'rights' depending on their perspectives and needs.

In contrast, the other options do not adequately encapsulate this stage. Motivated by consequences points to a narrower focus on outcomes rather than the recognition of different perspectives. Respecting others' views equally suggests a more advanced stage of moral reasoning, where balancing fairness among differing viewpoints becomes a priority. Lastly, basing ethical decisions on social norms indicates a more established understanding of morality in line with societal agreements, characteristic of later stages of moral development rather than the self-centered perspective seen in the Instrumental Relativ