Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease?

The correct answer is age, which is a non-modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease. Non-modifiable risk factors are characteristics or conditions that individuals cannot change or influence, including genetic predisposition, age, and sex. As people age, the risk of developing coronary artery disease generally increases due to the cumulative effects of lifestyle choices and biological changes that occur over time, such as increased arterial stiffness and the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

In contrast, high blood pressure, smoking, and high cholesterol are all modifiable risk factors. These can be managed and treated through lifestyle changes and medical interventions. For instance, individuals can lower their blood pressure through diet, exercise, and medications, as well as quit smoking to reduce cardiovascular risks. High cholesterol can similarly be managed with dietary changes, physical activity, and medications. Therefore, age stands out as a non-modifiable risk factor, emphasizing the need for awareness about one’s age when assessing cardiovascular risk.