What is the most appropriate initial nursing action for a patient who becomes unresponsive and pulseless?

When a patient becomes unresponsive and pulseless, the most appropriate initial nursing action is to start chest compressions. This is a critical response in a situation of cardiac arrest and forms part of the immediate lifesaving measures within cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Chest compressions help maintain blood flow to vital organs, especially the heart and brain, until further advanced care can be provided.

Starting chest compressions quickly can significantly improve the patient's chances of survival and reduce the likelihood of brain damage due to lack of oxygen. It is part of the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) protocol, where circulation is prioritized in the case of unresponsiveness and absence of a pulse.

While calling for help, administering oxygen, or checking blood sugar are important in the broader context of patient care, these actions are not the immediate priorities when addressing cardiac arrest. Delaying chest compressions for these tasks could result in further deterioration of the patient’s condition. Therefore, the initiation of chest compressions is the most critical immediate action in this emergency scenario.