According to Maslow's theory, which need must be satisfied before self-actualization?

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization represents the highest level of psychological development, where individuals realize their fullest potential and pursue personal growth and peak experiences. Before an individual can achieve self-actualization, they must first fulfill several fundamental needs that are arranged in a specific order of importance. These needs start with basic physiological requirements, followed by safety, then love and belonging, esteem, and finally, self-actualization.

Love and belonging needs pertain to the emotional relationship an individual has with others, including the need for friendships, social connections, and intimate relationships. These social ties build a foundation of belongingness that is critical for emotional well-being. Without fulfilling these interpersonal connections and feeling a sense of belonging, an individual may struggle with self-worth and confidence, which are essential for the next level of need—esteem.

Thus, before individuals can focus on self-actualization, they must experience and satisfy their need for love and belonging. This is crucial because emotional support and meaningful relationships significantly contribute to an individual’s ability to thrive and reach their potential. Meeting the love and belonging needs supports the development of self-esteem, paving the way for self-actualization to emerge once these previous needs are addressed.